Nuclear Energy Weekly Digest

Week 51 (December 15–21, 2025)

France Achieves Historic Milestone as Flamanville 3 Reaches Full Nuclear Power

The Flamanville 3 European Pressurised Reactor in northwestern France reached 100 percent nuclear thermal power output on December 14, 2025, at 11:37 AM, generating 1,669 MW of gross electrical power following regulatory approval from France's nuclear safety and radiation protection authority (ASN) on December 12.[1][2][3][4] The ramp-up to full power represents a historic milestone for French nuclear energy, marking the first new reactor to commence operations in France in 25 years and becoming the most powerful unit in the national nuclear fleet, surpassing the 1,450 MW capacity of existing pressurised water reactors.[3][4]

Flamanville 3 was originally scheduled to reach full power in 2012 but faced successive delays and cost escalations spanning 13 years of construction, ultimately connecting to the grid in December 2024—12 years behind the initial schedule.[1][4] Electrodes de France (EDF) confirmed that over the coming weeks and months, power levels will continue to vary as part of the comprehensive start-up programme, supporting testing at different operational phases, equipment validation at peak output, and scheduled maintenance activities, including replacement of a 400kV feedthrough connecting overhead transmission lines to underground cables.[1][2] The milestone validates the technical design of the European Pressurised Reactor, confirming that the 1,650 MW net generation capacity will support approximately 1.2 million French homes with carbon-free electricity for an operational lifespan exceeding 80 years.[3][4]

China Commences Construction on Ningde Unit 6 with Hualong One Technology

China General Nuclear (CGN) officially commenced construction on the sixth unit at the Ningde Nuclear Power Plant in Fujian Province on December 16, 2025, with the pouring of first concrete for the nuclear island, marking entry into the full-scale construction phase for Ningde Unit 6.[2][5][6] The new 1,210 MWe Hualong One (HPR1000) pressurised water reactor follows Unit 5, for which first concrete was poured on July 28, 2024, advancing China's strategy to deploy indigenous third-generation nuclear technology across multiple domestic sites and to international customers.[2][5]

The Ningde site currently operates four 1,018 MWe CPR-1000 reactors that entered commercial operation between April 2013 and July 2016, establishing Ningde as one of China's largest nuclear generation facilities.[5][6] Unit 5 is scheduled for commercial operation in 2029, with Unit 6 following in 2030, representing the second deployment phase of the six-reactor site expansion approved by China's State Council on July 31, 2023.[5][6] The Hualong One reactor design has become the most widely deployed third-generation pressurised water reactor technology globally, with 41 units ordered internationally and representing China's flagship export reactor for countries including Pakistan, Romania, and Argentina.[2][6] CGN's broader portfolio encompasses 20 nuclear power units under construction globally, with four in commissioning, two in equipment installation, four in civil construction, and ten preparing for first concrete pouring, demonstrating accelerating deployment momentum.[2][5]

Ethiopia and Russia Advance Gigawatt-Scale Nuclear Power Plant Development

Ethiopia and Russia signed a Non-Disclosure Agreement during bilateral negotiations held in Moscow from December 15–19, 2025, advancing development of Africa's first large-scale Russian-designed nuclear power plant.[3][4][7] The agreement was formalised by Ethiopian Nuclear Energy Commission Commissioner Sandokan Debebe and Rosatom Energy Projects Director General Andrey Rozhdestvin, representing the first official meeting between the parties following the September 2025 Action Plan signing during World Atomic Week.[3][4][7]

The NDA forms part of a broader bilateral framework encompassing technical and commercial cooperation, with discussions including presentation of a comprehensive roadmap aligned with the Comprehensive Action Plan signed in September.[3][4] The Ethiopian Ministry of Foreign Affairs explained that the agreement advances the implementation of previous understandings aimed at developing Ethiopia's first nuclear power plant, a project identified as a strategic milestone in the nation's long-term development strategy.[4][7] Discussions focused on a gigawatt-scale facility featuring Russian reactor designs, with the parties reaffirming commitment to advancing joint work on the project and establishing timelines for feasibility studies and intergovernmental agreements.[3][7] The Ethiopian delegation toured the Kalinin nuclear power plant during the Moscow visit, gaining operational experience with Russian-operated facilities.[7] Ethiopia's newly established Nuclear Energy Commission, launched officially in December 2025, is coordinating the programme driven by rapidly growing electricity demand, requirements for reliable baseload energy, industrial ambitions including data centre development, and peaceful applications of nuclear science in healthcare, agriculture, and research sectors.[3][4][7]

UK Regulators Complete GDA Step 2 for GE Vernova BWRX-300 with No Safety Barriers Identified

The UK's Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR), Environment Agency, and Natural Resources Wales announced on December 10–11, 2025, that the GE Vernova Hitachi BWRX-300 small modular reactor design has successfully completed Step 2 of the Generic Design Assessment process with no fundamental safety, security, safeguards, or environmental protection shortfalls identified that could prevent UK deployment.[4][8][9][10] The completion of Step 2 represents a historic regulatory achievement, with the BWRX-300 becoming the first reactor design to complete both steps of the modernised two-step GDA process—the fastest regulatory pathway accomplished to date.[9][10]

The two-step GDA process commenced with Step 1 in January 2024, conducted as a year-long initiation phase during which regulators established a robust assessment foundation with GE Vernova Hitachi (GVH).[4][8][9] Step 2, initiated in December 2024, encompassed comprehensive regulatory assessment of the BWRX-300 reactor design, encompassing safety, security, safeguards, and environmental protection documentation evaluation.[9][10] Rob Exley, head of the BWRX-300 GDA at ONR, stated that GVH's "responsiveness, the quality and maturity of its submissions, learning from previous GDAs, and our active collaboration with regulatory colleagues in the US and Canada who have been evaluating the BWRX-300 in parallel to our assessment" facilitated the accelerated regulatory completion.[9]

The BWRX-300 is a 300 MWe water-cooled, natural circulation small modular reactor with passive safety systems leveraging design and licensing foundations from GVH's ESBWR boiling water reactor technology.[8][9][10] The design completes Step 2 with regulatory confirmation that the reactor is "potentially capable of being built and operated on a site bounded by the generic site envelope, in a way that is acceptably safe and secure and properly protects the environment."[9][10] Rafał Kasprow, Chief Executive Officer of Orlen Synthos Green Energy, noted that completing Step 2 demonstrates that "the BWRX-300 continues prove it is the world's most deployment ready SMR," with OSGE having coin-vested in the GDA as part of the UK government's Future Nuclear Enabling Fund to support Polish and Eastern European deployment plans.[8] Currently, no specific sites within England and Wales have been identified for BWRX-300 deployment, though any future deployment would require detailed site-specific assessment within the GDA process or parallel with licensee or constructor applications.[9][10]

Estonia Advances SMR Feasibility Study with Samsung C&T and Fermi Energia Partnership

Fermi Energia and Samsung C&T unveiled a comprehensive pre-feasibility study for deploying two 300 MWe GE Vernova Hitachi BWRX-300 small modular reactors in Estonia, with Samsung C&T contracted to deliver the final report in April 2026.[11] The study encompasses technical, financial, legal, and market analyses supporting Estonia's National Designated Spatial Planning process and site selection activities, including construction transport logistics mapping, workforce requirements assessment, accommodation and service infrastructure evaluation, and preliminary foundation and layout engineering for reactor buildings and supporting infrastructure.[11]

The partnership extends beyond technical assessment to include critical market analysis conducted in cooperation with Deloitte Latvia, encompassing dispatchable generation capacity study of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania above 50 MW installations, assessment of technology lifecycles, financial indicators, ownership strategies, carbon pricing impacts, and capacity outlooks extending through the 2030s.[11] Fermi Energia CEO Kalev Kallemets stated that "this cooperation with Samsung C&T marks another important milestone in Estonia's journey toward introducing safe, modern, and reliable nuclear power," providing "practical inputs for planning, supply chain preparation, and investment readiness."[11] The teaming agreement between Fermi Energia and Samsung C&T, signed in April 2025, positions Samsung C&T as a potential EPC Prime Contractor and key commercial partner in the Estonian SMR project, building upon a memorandum of understanding signed in November 2024.[11] Fermi Energia expects to submit a construction permit application in 2029, with construction targeted to commence in 2031 and the first of two reactors operational by the second half of 2035.[11]

Argentina and Brazil Advance Multipurpose Reactor Development for Radioisotope Export

Argentina's National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA) and Brazil's National Commission for Nuclear Energy (CNEN) reported accelerated progress on their respective multipurpose reactors designed to establish global leadership in medical radioisotope supply chains.[12][13] Argentina's RA-10 multipurpose reactor, a 30 MWt open-pool research reactor, is advancing toward commissioning in 2026 with full operation targeted for 2027, positioned to transform Argentina into a leading radioisotope exporter and establish self-sufficiency in domestic medical isotope supply.[12][13]

The RA-10 is designed to guarantee national self-sufficiency and international competitiveness in radioisotope production, specifically targeting molybdenum-99, iridium-192, and lutetium-177—critical isotopes for medical diagnoses and cancer treatments in globally high demand.[12][13] Argentina's CNEA, led by newly appointed President Martin Porro and Secretary of Nuclear Affairs Federico Ramos Napoli, confirmed that the RA-10 will replace the RA-3 research reactor in operation since 1967, with assembly of the RA-10 pool completed in August 2018.[12][13] The facility will produce high-quality doped silicon for advanced power electronics applications, test nuclear fuel assemblies, conduct materials research including radiation damage assessment in reactor pressure vessels, and support advanced neutron beam research and irradiated materials studies through dedicated laboratory facilities.[12][13]

Brazil's Multipurpose Reactor (RMB), designed similarly to Argentina's RA-10, is developing as part of a two-million-square-metre research and industrial complex encompassing laboratories for fusion research, particle accelerators, radiopharmaceutical development and production facilities, with infrastructure work commenced in February 2025 and project completion targeted for 2030.[12][13] Together, the RA-10 and RMB are projected to provide global capacity to supply approximately 40 percent of worldwide radioisotope demand, fundamentally reshaping the international medical isotope supply landscape and reducing reliance on ageing reactors in established nuclear nations.[12][13] Invap, the Argentine technology systems developer, signed the engineering, procurement, and construction agreement in 2013 for both facilities, with the reference design based on the Open Pool Australian Light-water (OPAL) research reactor supplied to Australia's Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation.[12][13]

Larsen & Toubro Secures Major Contract for Kudankulam Units 5 and 6

Indian engineering conglomerate Larsen & Toubro (L&T) announced the award of a significant order valued at approximately $285 million from India's Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) for the mechanical package and installation services for Kudankulam Units 5 and 6.[14][15] The contract scope encompasses installation of reactor systems, turbine generators, seawater systems, polar and trestle cranes, and associated equipment, reinforcing L&T's position as a premier contractor for India's nuclear power expansion programme.[14][15]

The Kudankulam complex, located approximately 100 kilometres from the port city of Tuticorin in Tamil Nadu, operates as India's largest nuclear power station, with Units 1 and 2 (2×1,000 MWe VVER-1000 reactors) connected to the national grid since 2013 and 2016 respectively.[14][15] Construction on Units 3 and 4 commenced in 2017 with continued progress toward operational readiness, while Units 5 and 6 commenced construction in 2021.[14][15] Upon completion of the expansion, Kudankulam's six VVER-1000 reactors will collectively deliver unprecedented nuclear generation capacity in India, advancing the government's objective to elevate national installed nuclear power capacity from 8.8 GW currently to 22 GW by 2032 as part of the 100-GW Nuclear Energy Mission.[14][15] L&T's prior engagement at Kudankulam included civil construction of Units 5 and 6 reactor building, turbine hall, reactor auxiliary building, diesel generator structures, and safety-critical facilities under a contract secured in 2021.[14][15]

IsoEnergy Acquires Toro Energy to Expand Uranium Development Portfolio

Canadian uranium development company IsoEnergy Ltd. announced its acquisition of Australian-based Toro Energy Ltd. in an all-share transaction valued at approximately A$75 million (US$48.9 million), significantly expanding IsoEnergy's global uranium resource base and jurisdictional diversification.[16][17] Under the transaction structure, Toro shareholders receive 0.036 IsoEnergy shares for each Toro share owned, representing a 79.7 percent premium over Toro's closing price on October 10, 2025, and a 92.2 percent premium over the 20-day volume-weighted average price, reflecting strategic value IsoEnergy places on Toro's fully-permitted Wiluna uranium project in Western Australia.[16][17]

The combined entity creates a globally diversified uranium development platform with complementary assets spanning multiple jurisdictions, including IsoEnergy's high-grade Hurricane deposit in Canada's Athabasca Basin, several past-producing American mines, and Toro's Wiluna project representing a fully-permitted, nearer-term development opportunity in a stable mining jurisdiction.[16][17] Following completion, the merged company will control 55.2 million pounds of uranium oxide (measured and indicated) under National Instrument 43-101 standards, with an additional 4.9 million pounds inferred, expanding to 78.1 million pounds measured and indicated under Australian Joint Ore Reserves Committee standards with 34.6 million pounds inferred.[16][17] This consolidated resource base positions the combined entity among leading uranium developers globally, providing scale advantages enhancing project economics and improving access to development capital at a strategic moment as the World Nuclear Association forecasts 30 percent uranium demand growth by 2030 and demand more than doubling by 2040.[16][17] The timing reflects industry participants' assessment of approaching inflection points in uranium market cycles, supporting sustained price recovery as nuclear utilities return to long-term contracting to secure future supplies.[16][17]

Zeno Power and Orano Establish Strategic Partnership for Americium-241 Supply

Zeno Power, a developer of advanced nuclear batteries, and France's Orano announced a strategic partnership to secure reliable supplies of americium-241 (Am-241) recovered from Orano's spent nuclear fuel recycling operations at La Hague in Normandy, France, fueling Zeno's radioisotope power systems for space applications.[18][19] Under the agreement, Zeno will make a multimillion-dollar investment to obtain priority access to substantial annual americium-241 quantities, expanding fuel options beyond historically limited plutonium-238 supplies for long-duration space nuclear power systems.[18][19]

Americium-241 offers significant advantages for space applications through its 430-year half-life enabling power systems to operate for decades, higher power density reducing mass requirements for space launch, and natural production through isotopic decay in used nuclear fuel processed at industrial recycling facilities.[18][19] Zeno is developing an americium-fueled radioisotope power system for NASA to supply lunar rovers, landers, and infrastructure on the Moon in support of the Artemis programme and NASA's Moon-to-Mars initiative, addressing critical requirements for electrical power during the lunar night and in permanently shadowed regions.[18][19] This partnership complements Zeno's existing strontium-90 fuelled nuclear battery development for maritime and terrestrial applications under Department of Defence contract, enabling deployment across multiple domains from deep sea to deep space.[18][19] Harsh Desai, Chief Commercialization Officer at Zeno Power, stated that "with Orano's world-class operational recycling expertise, we can now harness americium-241 as a new fuel source for the burgeoning demand for nuclear power," transforming recycled materials into reliable power for missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond.[18]

Sizewell C Signs Long-Term Fuel Supply Contracts with Urenco and Framatome

The Sizewell C nuclear power project in the United Kingdom signed a six-year uranium enrichment services supply contract with Urenco Group for fuel supply, complemented by a long-term fuel fabrication agreement with France's Framatome.[20] The dual fuel supply chain agreements position Sizewell C with secured fuel supply pathways extending through the operational lifetime of the planned two 1,630 MWe European Pressurised Reactors scheduled for grid connection in the early 2030s.[20]

The Sizewell C fuel supply contracts ensure that the two reactors, each requiring substantial annual uranium fuel procurement and enrichment services, maintain supply security through partnerships with leading nuclear fuel cycle operators.[20] Urenco's provision of enrichment services and Framatome's fuel fabrication supply demonstrate confidence in Sizewell C project delivery and capital cost recovery, essential for securing development financing and demonstrating commitment to commercial operation.[20] The project represents a cornerstone of the UK government's nuclear expansion strategy, with the 3.2 GW capacity contributing significantly toward Net Zero electricity generation targets and establishing manufacturing supply chains benefiting future UK nuclear projects including planned small modular reactors and floating nuclear platforms.[20]

Canada Forms Coalition for Domestic Nuclear Capability Development

Canadian construction firm Aecon signed a three-year teaming agreement with Estonia's Fermi Energia to advance collaboration on GE Vernova Hitachi's BWRX-300 small modular reactor technology development and potential deployment in Estonia.[21] The agreement establishes cooperation focused on creating qualified domestic nuclear capability for BWRX-300 deployment, encompassing development of deployment strategies and evaluation pathways, preconstruction scheduling, cost planning, and formation of capable reactor-building teams incorporating local and international partners.[21]

Aecon's participation in Estonian SMR development follows Canadian industry expansion into international nuclear markets, complementing domestic Canadian initiatives including the agreement between Westinghouse and PROMATION for AP1000 reactor deployment.[21] The partnership demonstrates Canadian expertise in large-scale industrial and infrastructure project delivery, with applications to North American and European nuclear expansion initiatives.[21]

References

[1] EDF's Flamanville 3 Reaches 100% Nuclear Power Output ()

[2] Construction Starts on Sixth Ningde Unit ()

[3] Ethiopia and Russia Hold Talks Over Potential Nuclear Power Project ()

[4] Flamanville EPR Reaches Full Nuclear Thermal Power ()

[5] China Adds New Reactor to World's Most Deployed Nuclear Technology ()

[6] The Construction of the New Unit of Ningde Nuclear Power ()

[7] Ethiopia, Russia Advance Nuclear Power Cooperation ()

[8] GE Vernova BWRX-300 Small Modular Reactor Reaches Regulatory Milestone ()

[9] BWRX-300 Completes UK GDA ()

[10] GE Vernova Hitachi's BWRX-300 Completes Generic Design Assessment ()

[11] Pre-Feasibility Study Launched for Estonian SMR Plant ()

[12] Argentina Boosts Radioisotope Export Capacity ()

[13] Argentina and Brazil Progressing Their Multipurpose Reactors ()

[14] Larsen & Toubro Wins Significant Order from Nuclear Power Corporation ()

[15] L&T Secures Significant Order for Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project ()

[16] IsoEnergy Acquires Toro Energy in A$75 Million Deal ()

[17] IsoEnergy to Acquire Toro Energy to Expand Uranium Portfolio ()

[18] Zeno Power and Orano Unlock Americium-241 Supply ()

[19] Orano to Supply Zeno with Am-241 to Power Space Missions ()

[20] Industry Update—December 2025 ()

[21] Industry Update—December 2025 ()

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[41] 1.65 GW Flamanville reactor achieves full output for first time (France) https://www.enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/165-gw-flamanville-reactor-achieves-full-output-first-time-france.html
[42] Pre-feasibility study launched for Estonian SMR plant https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/pre-feasibility-study-launched-for-estonian-smr-plant
[43] GE Vernova : BWRX-300 small modular reactor reaches regulatory milestone in the UK https://www.marketscreener.com/news/ge-vernova-bwrx-300-small-modular-reactor-reaches-regulatory-milestone-in-the-uk-ce7d50dad08ef726
[44] Argentina and Brazil sign MoU on radioisotopes and ... https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/argentina-and-brazil-sign-mou-on-radioisotopes
[45] Estonia moving ahead on new nuclear planning https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/estonia-moving-ahead-on-new-nuclear-planning
[46] GE Vernova Hitachi's BWRX-300 completes Generic ... https://www.onr.org.uk/news/all-news/2025/12/ge-vernova-hitachi-bwrx-300-completes-gda
[47] Argentina and Brazil progressing their multipurpose reactors https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/argentina-and-brazil-hail-progress-on-their-multipurpose-reactors
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[50] Argentina boosts radioisotope export capacity https://www.neimagazine.com/news/argentina-boosts-radioisotope-export-capacity/
[51] Industry Update—December 2025 https://www.ans.org/news/article-7562/industry-updatedecember-2025/
[52] Larsen & Toubro wins significant order from Nuclear Power ... https://www.tndindia.com/larsen-toubro-wins-significant-order-from-nuclear-power-corporation/
[53] IsoEnergy Acquires Toro Energy Uranium Project in $75M ... https://discoveryalert.com.au/news/isoenergy-toro-energy-acquisition-uranium-2025/
[54] Zeno Power and Orano Unlock Americium-241 Supply Through ... https://www.zenopower.com/news/zeno-power-and-orano-unlock-americium-241-supply
[55] L&T Secures Significant Order for Kudankulam Nuclear ... https://scanx.trade/stock-market-news/orders-deals/l-t-secures-significant-order-for-kudankulam-nuclear-power-project/19543702
[56] IsoEnergy to Acquire Toro Energy in A$75 Million Deal, Expanding ... https://www.cruxinvestor.com/posts/isoenergy-to-acquire-toro-energy-in-a-75-million-deal-expanding-uranium-portfolio-amid-rising-nuclear-demand
[57] Orano to supply Zeno with Am-241 to power space missions https://www.ans.org/news/2025-09-24/article-7406/orano-to-supply-zeno-with-am241-to-power-space-missions/
[58] L&T Construction Gets Contract To Build 2 Units Of Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project - IADN https://iadnews.in/lt-construction-gets-contract-to-build-2-units-of-kudankulam-nuclear-power-project/
[59] IsoEnergy to acquire Toro Energy to expand uranium portfolio https://finance.yahoo.com/news/isoenergy-acquire-toro-energy-expand-092738410.html
[60] Zeno Power Signs Deal for Material To Scale Nuclear Space Power https://payloadspace.com/zeno-power-signs-deal-for-material-to-scale-nuclear-space-power/
[61] L&T secures order for Kudankulam nuclear project ... https://www.intellinews.com/landt-secures-order-for-kudankulam-nuclear-project-expansion-in-india-s-tamil-nadu-402077